Nathan obtained a Ph.D. at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris, and worked as a postdoc at the California Institute of Technology and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.

After two years at the Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne in Paris, he is now a CNRS research director at the Laboratoire de Psychologie & Neurocognition in Grenoble.

Between 2019 and 2024, his research was dedicated to metAction, an ERC-funded project which aimed to document the contribution of sensorimotor signals to consciousness and metacognition.

He is now focusing on another ERC-funded project named Volta, aiming at identifying electrophysiological and electrochemical correlates of consciousness in awake, asleep, and anesthetized individuals with epilepsy implanted with intracranial electrodes.